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The energy of each photon in the telecommunications part of the electromagnetic spectrum is well below the excitation energy of even the most electronically fragile atom. The highest energy photons are in the 1-2GHz region. These photons have energies of up to 9x10-6 eV. The binding energies of the weakest molecular bonds in biological systems are about 4x10-2eV, more than a thousand times larger (and therefore stronger) than energies of the incident photons of the electromagnetic radiation in the telecommunications spectrum. Recall that the intensity of the radiation is not important, it is the photon energy that determines whether or not photons will break molecular bonds or ionize an atom. While the photons of electromagnetic radiation in the telecommunications spectrum cannot interact at the atomic or molecular level, they can cause slight oscillations of an entire molecule leading to an increase in the average thermal kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance, and hence causing an increase in the temperature of the substance. Extraordinarily intense radiation is needed to create a measurable temperature change. Such radiation intensities are found in the cavity of a microwave oven. |